Your story is published in the Indica anthology Shared Roots, could you talk about your journey as a writer?
It started a long time back. In the late 80s, my first published work was a Poem in Times of India. Each writer is product of his/her experiences, and the past which pour through the ink on to the paper or the screen now. It all started with my grandmother, Kamla Chaudhary, who was the first female novelist to write a novel in Hindi. Her poetry on inner-self and peace sustained her decades long struggle for freedom of India. Recently recognized by release of Amar Chitra Katha about her. My mother has written many books — children’s books, history in fiction and non-fiction and environment and adventure novels. She was one of the pioneers to use fiction to highlight Environmental causes, “For the Green Planet” which also involved Aliens (the cover used the archetypal ET image drawn by Satyajit Ray in the sixties) and Curse of grass (which explored the origins of chipko movement in 18th century India).
I, on other hand, was always interested in nonfiction especially History. I would spend afternoons and evenings pouring over library books and copying notes onto my frayed notebooks. History is very blunt, not every hero rides off into the sunset, not every heroine gets her due, so I would frame the notes, the story into something palatable to me and that was my first foray into fiction. First writings were all on History and Cricket. There were always ideas to write fiction mostly based on Historical events, never completely germinated till the advent of really horrible in my opinion story telling of Starplus Mahabharat Serial.
We created a page (https://www.facebook.com/RealMahabharata.) to counter the false narratives presented in that serial and there I used fiction as medium to also delve deeper into some of the aspects and teachings of Mahabharata.
A serendipitous consequence was introduction through that page to the Authoress Saiswaroopa Iyer who selected my story, my first fictional prose published through Indic Academy in Unsung Valour — Forgotten Warriors of Kurukshetra.
When I was little my nana, my grandfather used to read from Shanti Parva and Anushasan Parva as Mahaparenting tool, probably. So, my introduction to the Mahabharata was through the heavy and layered powerful morality tales of Shanti Parva (and Yoga Vashishtha) read by my grandfather. When he passed away, I started reading the C Rajagopalachari version and then the 1980s Kamala Subramanyam expanded version. My mother had borrowed the Kamala Subramaniyam’s translation of the Mahabharata to write a story on Ekalvya and so I used the book write the 700 odd pages into my frayed notebooks for references.
I would like to point out that I was disappointed with later 2005 edition of Kamla Subramaniyam’s book. For some reason, it has been edited and certain sections removed. After that, I studied the Bharat Press edition of Mahabharata, which my grandfather had, plus Geeta Press edition, The Indonesian Mahabharata, Wayang, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute Mahabharata, the Kannada Mahabaharata et all and other texts and writers like Alh Hiltebeitel. So, modesty aside, I consider myself an expert on Mahabharata and even have studied how legends and stories come into being and enter vox populi, the public perception.
Take for instance the Serampur Baptist Press, which was under the control of the Danish Kingdom, and outside the control of East India company then, they published Bible in local languages and used Biblical stories to modify Indian Epics. Case in point where the story of Abraham, Sarah and Sacrifice of Isaac was converted to story of Karna, his wife Padmavati and son. That is the genesis of term Daanveera Karna in our lingo. It is not there in Mahabharata. Using the Biblical stories masquerading as Mahabharata stories Karna who was then the main villain of the Mahabharat is now ‘Danveer’ Karn and that image is again and again buttressed in TV serials. So his place as the villain has been taken by the Avatar of Neutrality, Dwapar, in Mahabharata as Shakuni.
Back in Delhi days, I used to accompany my mother to a lot of conferences like, ‘Treatment of Nepalis in Bhutan’ or Boom discussions. In these conferences, a professor of cultural studies would come and present his paper. He was an expert on one of the tribes of Madhya Pradesh. Everything he would speak on in any event, any theme would be woven around and he would really talk about his speciality. Inspired by that and with the blessing of Sage Vaysa who said, everything in world can be found in Mahabharat, I also tend to write my stories mirrored in the events of Mahabharata. I keep on collecting ideas, incidents, characters and store them in the attic of my brain, the virtual wallet and when I am writing a story. I take out that batua, that wallet and select and weave these incidents and ideas into story form, buttressed by Mahabharat.
Colonial Todd in the Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan recorded that crystal ShivaLings were found in Jyotisar, the lake, where Krishna taught Arjuna the Gitta. They were found by the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I and placed in the Mughal ToshKhana, the treasury. Todd found them a hundred years later in the temples established in that period.
So, I came up with an idea, what if Pandavas had gone undercover to Virata to steal their treasury! And that was the genesis of my story Fellowship of Shivalingas in the Indica Anthology curated by Avatans Kumar titled Flight of Deities — Saga of Desecration and Devotion, an ode to excellent research and non-fiction tome by Dr Meenakshi Jain.
Here I told a story of Mughal India using Virata Parva from Mahabharata!
When Ratul Chakraborty proposed the Shared anthology, he had hinted on a connection to Mahabharata in his proposal. That elicited my interest.
The legend states that the famous Indian trader Kaundinya when he came to Cambodia, he carried the spear of Ashwathama. Now historians, do not place the events too far in the past, most place it around 2nd century AD.
However, 1000 years before there was a Land based Silk Route, there was the Jade Sea Route from Taiwan to Somalia, around 2000 BC, 2000 years before proposed date of Kaundinya.
Gaoshan, the Taiwan Adivasis used the trade route which connected Somalia to Taiwan through India, Australia and Indosphere long before the period, to the period of Mahabharata.
So, I brought the date of the Kaundinya voyage to Cambodia to the Mahabharata times!
India is a dharmic civilisation. We are the only civilisation to survive since that period, around 2000 BC. Life was not easy in ancient time, the resources were scarce and people looked at outsiders with trepidation and hostility. As Potential rivals for little resources there are. That lead to miserly exchange of ideas and development of terms now very popular in modern world, xenophobia or hatred of foreigner.
The opposite of this is Xenia — welcoming everyone, which is also a western concept which is Literally Vasudhaiva kutumbakam.
In Indian people believed in “Xenia”. In the “family” you accept the foreigner too. We are the only civilization to emphasize Athithi devo bhava. That large-heartedness is responsible for continuation and survival of Bhartiya Sanskrti, the Sanatana civilization.
There are a lot of Draupadi Amman temples in south from Gingee across the peninsula to the western ghats. They have Iravana and Potru Raja guarding the doors of the Temple. Potru Raja is the son in law/brother in law of the Pandava family. Iravana is an interesting addition to the temples. There are local legends that equate Iravana with what Homer describes the stories of Iphigenia and later writers added about Goddess Hecate, the immortal goddess of Fate.
In Mahabharata, we find an interesting story, the violation of the guest dharma by Jatasura — a brahmin who was also a rakshasa. He tried to kidnap Draupadi when they were living at a sage’s place during exile. In the Indic culture, the Moksha cycle stops if you violate guest dharma. So that was the seed of my story to show that Iravan survived the massive narsnahara of the Kurukshetra through the agency of Alambusha who thus did penance for the BRahmahuta Nirmoksha of his father, Jatasura.
And thus, the idea of a voyage sent by Bhima to look for Iravan which goes to Cambodia. The crew of the ship, the protagonists of my story are the survivors of the Great War, created by me in the Anthology Unsung Valour. Their journey is not only to find the missing Pandava prince but the journey to redeem their souls, to put balm on their memories and find a purpose in life after the brutality of the Great War.
To keep the story light and entertaining, I used the PG Wodehouse as my Guru. The Narrator is the Jeeves pastiche, the Hero a Bertie Wooster (who does get the girl this time), and a Bingo Little, the chap who falls in love every day and solid Psmith like Captain of the Ship.
Bertie came from original Cambodian legends and Captain Psmith from Rigveda. Others came from Ramayana and other texts.
One of least explored aspects of modern stories on Mahabharata or any Indic writing is the souls earing psyche damaging aftermath of the War. So I used the story to emphasize PTSD as a condition afflicting the protagonists and the eventual medicine, the succour to their damaged souls, the journey and the land of Cambodia becomes.
Cambodia has much in common with India. They revere ancestral deities and the concept of Archapada, higher consciousness, higher nature, the spirit world is close to their ethos. And they have among others stories of mongoose deities which created the character of Half Golden Mongoose that guides the crew to the shores of Suvarnabhumi Cambodia.
I wrote up some 250 pages of backstory. The father of the hero wanted to create a university in Kashmir — re-establish the Saptarishi Ashram that story I used as submission for Kashmir tales. As the learned Professor from 1980s used to do, work with your skill set and what you know, rest will fall in place!!
I wanted to also bring out the interaction of India with the Indosphere was totally opposite to the colonial experience of modern times.
The original merchants and traders went to Indosphere, not in self-interest but in pursuit of Sarasvati, knowledge and that is why we were welcomed by the locals and still do, because they also accepted or shared our Idea of Athithi Devo Bhava.
Our Dharmic contact was with the Far East. We are still part and parcel of their culture and civilization. An Indic import Buddhism is still the main religion in these areas. We were never colonisers. We went as Athithis and were welcomed as such.
As a dessert course, I read up on several Cambodian folktales and inculcated one of them as well.
Your experience in participating in the Indica India-Cambodia Anthology Shared Roots?
It was a great experience in getting to know more authors. I have been a regular participant in Otis’s workshops and Indica anthologies. And through this anthology I got to know new authors. Ratul has become a good friend. I credit him with giving the idea from get go.
I was inspired by the Seam Reap sojourns and the idea of spirit realm so endemic to the Cambodian culture in other stories in the anthology. For my story, I studied a little bit how PTSD works. Is it the spirit realm or is it the individual is looking from his own shattered mind, whatever gets you through the day.
In the Valmiki Ramayana, there was a huge attack by Meghnath on the Vanara army and he kills 66 crores (an interesting number that reappears in Mahabharat, significance lost with Laksha Alankara). There is total devastation. Vibhishana is looking for Jambavanta and finds the wounded Bear. Jamavant asks Vibhshan if Hanuman is alive. Then he says, ‘If Hanuman is alive, we are all alive.’ That was a beautiful rendition of bear err Vanara err Human spirit and its eternal optimism looking for that ray to illuminate the darkness of despair.
‘As long as Hanuman is with us, we are all fine.’
Pandavas and their soldiers lost everything in the war, family and friends. I wanted to bring that part of this. My narration, the narrator perspective revolves around the phantoms of his mind, discussing various things around the story line. That way I was combining a first person narrative cheating it using the phantasms to “tell” third person narrative.
Could you talk about cultural heritage as a shared experience between nations?
This is what drove the story. In Cambodia, they also have the idea of the MadhyaPada. This is the higher atmosphere where other beings live, the spirit realm. That experience — the belief in supernatural — it is concurrent in all cultures. I played into the idea of that. I studied a bunch of Cambodian folktales. When you look at some of the names in Cambodia — the Mathon Parbat (Mahendra Parvat from Orissa) etc. Kaling is the name of the center part of the main island in Philippines. There is this shared root with Orissa now. We have had these connections from long time back. I don’t need to get to Angkor Wat. They put Angkor Wat in the flag. I wanted to focus on Cambodia before Angkor Wat.
Another aspect I wanted to bring out were the ancient Cambodian tools, that they have used for thousands of years. These cannot be used as weapons. You can use them as defensive weapons, but you can’t use them as aggressive attacking weapons.
If you travel in Eastern Africa, children carry small axes, they act as guards against predators.
But in rural India, in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh and Dakshin Koshala of Orissa, they carry long bamboo pipes that create music and sounds to scare away predators. A less violent (except to ears) way to deal with accidents and incidents than using axes.
It is very non-violent — the person is safe as they walk through the forest. Our connection with Cambodia was also along same lines to have deep rooted affections, the interaction between Cambodia and India was not violent.
Themes in your short story?
Nonviolence — the basis of contact was not colonisation, Aththi devo bhava on macro level. For the characters of the story, the journey is where their tired souls find peace, find solace and balm from the effects of the Great War, in searching for Iravana, they find themselves.
The importance of creating shared cultural narratives liked Shared Roots?
Lots of these stories and common connections, these shared narratives are not well known. In the internet age all this remains hidden under the tweets.
From the very beginning people needed the stories — to experience other cultures, and other lands. We are the same people across the world, as an hindawi poem goes, ‘I saw myself everywhere’. The tactile sensation of having a book in your hand cannot be replaced.
Food is tasty well, but you also touch it with your hands, and aroma excites the nose and presentation calms the eyes. The stories should be prepared like that nice dish. The Book with multiple senses engaged, eyes on the story, mind on the story, hands holding the book or kindle, add the extra later visual representation of the same story cannot convey.
A book is the best way to emphasise the connect — the shared roots between India and Cambodia.